2001/2002 Excavations in Egypt

SAQQARA

Unis Cemetery

Director: Prof. Naguib Kanawati

During the last year examination of the Unis Cemetery progressed in two directions:

·           The tomb of Unis-ankh, son of King Unis, was previously recorded by our expedition; however, the majority of its decorated blocks are presently housed in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. Permission was granted by the museum to examine the scenes and inscriptions on the blocks, and in May two weeks were spent in the museum for this purpose. As the reconstructed tomb is now covered by glass casing, no adequate photographs or epigraphic work was possible, but the museum authority undertook to send us copies of their photographs taken before the glass cover was installed.

·           The human remains recovered in an earlier season from the tomb of Iy-nefert and Unis-ankh were examined by Drs. Michael Schultz and Roxie Walker with the intent of assessing the age at death, any indication of diseases, etc. Our study of these two tombs and of other smaller ones in the vicinity has shed important new light on the problematical transition between the reigns of Unis and Teti and the establishment of the Sixth Dynasty.

Teti Cemetery – North

Director: Prof. Naguib Kanawati

The project covers the cemetery to the north of Teti’s Pyramid containing tombs of officials serving that king and his successor, Pepy I. The western section of the northern cemetery was acquired through an agreement reached with the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities and the University of Suez Canal to publish tombs excavated earlier by Prof. M. Abder-Raziq. Excavations in the season 2001-2002 were conducted in the NW section in order to ascertain whether any more tombs were built in this rather remote corner of the cemetery or whether it was mainly occupied by burial shafts of some minor officials. In the upper section the excavation produced a number of intrusive late burials, mostly from the Eighteenth Dynasty. These were in many cases undisturbed, containing skeletal remains and funerary objects of particular importance and beauty. The human remains have been examined by Drs. Michael Schultz and Roxie Walker.

Most rewarding at the lower level was the discovery of a mud brick mastaba with well-preserved scenes and inscriptions in its chapel. These were painted on mud plaster with some stone architectural elements, such as false doors, entrance lintel, etc., decorated in relief. The tomb belongs to an overseer of the guards of King Teti who was also in charge of all repasts of the king. Preliminary conservation of the scenes and inscriptions was conducted to protect the colours, and the partly damaged walls were rebuilt and a waterproof wooden roof provided. The shaft and burial chamber were not cleared and work oj the tomb will continue in the next season. The results from this area reinforce the importance of complete excavations of the cemetery before undertaking any reconstruction of events of the troubled reign of Teti. As tomb owners in this cemetery left written details of their careers, only through exhaustive excavations can the history of this period be re-examined based on maximum evidence.

Teti Cemetery – West

Director: Dr. Ann McFarlane

Work continued in the season 2001 on two Fifth Dynasty tombs to the west of the pyramid of Teti. The mastaba of the royal builder, Kaemheset is a large family complex of three tombs, 45 x 13 metres, constructed in mud brick in three consecutive stages. The plans and sections of its complicated details of construction have been analysed and checked for accuracy prior to inking, and the facsimile line drawings have been prepared for publication. A quantity of ceramic vessels recovered from two burial chambers and one of the serdabs have been drawn and inked, and preparations made for producing line drawings of the inscriptions on the limestone statues and wooden objects from the tomb now housed in the Cairo Museum. With recording completed, clean sand was used as backfill to rebury and protect this tomb. In the second half of the season re-clearance began on the adjacent tomb complex of Kaemsenu. Sufficient overburden was removed to define the perimeter walls and the main walls of the chapels, including the location of several stone elements. It should be possible to conclude the re-clearing in the next season, measure and recorded the architectural features and any preserved scenes and inscriptions. Permission has been received from the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York to record in line drawing and publish the relief decorated west wall of Kaemsenu on display in their Egyptian collections.